Orlan o La Revolución Carnal (Novedad Charta)
Orlan es una artista francesa que por muchos años he encontrado fascinante. Fue la primera en utilizar la cirugía plástica como medio de expresión. Su tema fundamental es su propia persona, es su cuerpo.
Ahora la editorial Charta publica una especie de catalogue raisonné, o por lo menos se presume que es el volumen que intenta abarcar la totalidad de la obra que esta artista ha generado. La publicación de este ejemplar le da seguimiento a la primera retrospectiva realizada en Francia sobre la artista para celebrar su 60 aniversario.
Hace casi dos décadas (1990), Orlan inició el que hasta la fecha ha sido, quizá, el más ambicioso proyecto de su carrera: The Reincarnation of Saint Orlan, el cual consiste en modificar su imagen a través de múltiples cirugías para obtener una belleza de proporciones ecuménicas. Para ello eligió como modelos a varias figuras que el tiempo (y la demanda popular) han convertido en íconos de la belleza femenina: Venus, La Gioconda, Psyche, Diana, Europa, etc. Cirujanos plásticos han tratado de duplicar ciertas características propias de estos rostros, basándose en las obras que han creado un sinnúmero de pintores y escultores durante siglos.
Las cirugías a las que Orlan se somete se convierten en eventos irrepetibles. Durante los procedimientos se lee poesía, a veces una orquesta toca algunas piezas de música clásica, existe una audiencia y la artista, a través del uso de varios monitores, contempla cómo el bisturí esculpe su rostro en tiempo real, además, varias de las cirugías han sido televisadas via satélite en diversas partes del mundo, convirtiéndolas en performances únicos en su género.
Las exposiciones de Orlan están compuestas por fotografías tomadas antes, durante y después de las operaciones, videos e imágenes digitales donde la artista deforma su cuerpo hasta conseguir un aspecto que en muchas ocasiones desafía los límites de la ciencia y de la imaginación.
Orlan es también la autora del famoso Carnal Art Manifesto, en el que clarifica dudas, explica sus objetivos y define su arte. A continuación incluyo el documento:
Carnal Art Manifesto
by Orlan
Definition:
Carnal Art is a self-portrait in the classical sense, yet realised through the technology of its time. Lying between disfiguration and figuration, it is an inscrition in flesh, as our age now makes possible. No longer seen as the ideal it once represented, the body has become a 'modified ready-made'.
Distinction:
Unlike 'Body Art', from which I set it apart, Carnal Art does not desire pain as a means of redemption, or to attain purification. Carnal Art does not wish to acheive a final 'plastic' result, but rather seeks to modify the body, and engage in public debate.
Atheism:
Clearly Carnal Art does not inherit anything from the Christian tradition, against which it fights! Carnal Art points to religion's denial of the 'pleasures of the body', and puts the naked body in the spaces opened up through scientific discovery.
Carnal Art does not inherite anything from hagiography through decapitations and other martyrs, it adds more than it takes away. Augmenting thier powers instead of reducing them, Carnal Art is not self-mutilation.
Carnal Art transformes the body into language, reversing the Christain principle of 'the word made flesh', the flesh is made word. Only the voice of Orlan remains unchanged.
Carnal Art judges the famous 'you give birth in pain' as anachronistic nonsense. Like Artaud, Carnal Art ceases to deal with the 'judgement of God'. Henceforth we have epidurals, local anaesthetics and multiple analgesics; long live morphine! Pain is defeated!
Perception:
I can observe my own body cut open, without suffering!... I see myself all the way down to my entrails; a new mirror stage. "I can see to the heart of my lover; his splendid design has nothing to do with sickly sentimentalities"- Darling, I love your spleen; I love your liver; I adore your pancreas, and the line of your femur excites me.
Freedom:
Carnal Art affirms the independance of the artist, in the sense that it fights against a prioris and diktats; that is why it is engages society and the media (where it is seen as scandalous because it goes against received ideas) and will go as far as the judicial system.
A Clarification:
Carnal Art is not against cosmetic surgery but, rather against the conventions carried by it and their subsequent inscription, within female flesh in particular, but also male. Carnal Art is feminist, that is necessary. It is interested not only in cosmetic surgery, but also advanced techniques in medicine and biology that question the status of the body and the ethical questions posed by them.
Style:
Carnal Art loves the baroque and parody; the grotesque, and other such styles that have been left behind, because Carnal Art opposes the social pressures that are exerted upon both the human body and the corpus of art. Carnal Art is anti-formalist and anti-conformist.
Título: ORLAN. Le récit. The narrative.
Autores: Orlan, Lorand Hegyi, Joerg Bader, Eugenio Viola, Donald Kuspit, Peggy Phelan
Número de páginas: 336
Editorial: Charta
Fecha original de publicación: 1 de enero, 2008
ISBN: 978-8881586523
Sinopsis: (Tomada de www.amazon.com) "Since 1990, French-born artist Orlan has done seven plastic surgery "performances" which have radically reconstructed her face. She last added futuristic-looking pads of skin to each temple utilizing the process which ordinarily constructs heightened cheekbones. In a 1998 digital photography series called Self Hybridization, she montaged pictures of herself with images of Pre-Columbian, American Indian, African and "mutant" figures. Notorious for the kind of stunts that make good sound bites on French television in 1993, she gave Madonna a reliquary containing a few grams of flesh that had been removed during surgery, to which Madonna replied, "It looks like caviar". Orlan has been the subject of a host of critical writings in the fields of Feminism, body art and performance art. Orlan's most definitive monograph to date, this volume contextualizes past works, which include not only performance, but painting, sculpture, photography and poetry with the plastic surgery pieces for which she is best known. It is published following the artist's first museum retrospective, which took place at the Museum of Modern Art in Sainte-Etienne, France, on the occasion of her sixtieth birthday, last summer. Organized by Lorand Hegyi, co-curator of the 2003 Venice Biennale, the retrospective brought Orlan's entire oeuvre together for the first time; Hegyi also contributes an incisive essay to this monograph. "